PENGENALAN KOMPUTER
:: Komputer merupakan sebuah peranti elektronik yang memproses dan memanipulasikan data bagi mengeluarkan maklumat.
:: Merupakan mesin yang bergantung kepada program yang digunakan oleh komputer.
:: Komputer boleh melakukan 4 operasi asas iaitu:
(1) Input (masuk)
::Komputer menerima data melalui peranti input seperti papan kekunci,tetikus dan lain-lain.
(2)Pemprosesan
::Komputer melaksanakaan operasi terhadap data.
(3)Output (Keluaran)
::Komputer menjana keluaran pada peranti output seperti pencetak,monitor dan pembesar suara.
(4)Storan
::komputer menyimpan data,program dan hasil pemprosesan untuk kegunaan masa depan.
CIRI-CIRI KOMPUTER
* Cepat
* Boleh dipercayai
* Produktiviti
* Membuat keputusan
* Mengurangkan kos
* Keupayaan storan
SEJARAH KOMPUTER
GENERASI KOMPUTER:
(1)Generasi Pertama (1951-1958)
> Menggunakan tiub hampagas iaitu tiub elektronik bersaiz lampu mentol yang digunakan sebagai elemen logik.
>Menimbulkan masalah kerana ia menghasilkan haba dan cepat terbakar.
> Bahasa mesin digunakan (0 dan 1) dan sukar dipelajari.
> Data disimpan dalam kad tebuk.
(2) Generasi Kedua (1959-1964)
:: Menggunakan transistor bagi menggantikan tiub hampagas.
:: Transistor adalah singkatan transfer resistor.
:: Ia boleh menghantar signal elektrik melalui resistor.
:: Ia lebih cepat,kecil dan boleh dipercayai.
:: Menggunakan bahasa simbolik iaitu bahasa penghimpun.
:: Pengatucara perlu menggunakan kod kursus dipanggil kod menemonic.
:: Arahan dalam bentuk symbol seperti:
(A) untuk Addition
(C) untuk Compare
(M) untuk Multiply
(3) Generasi Ketiga (1965-1970)
* Menggunakan litar elektrik bercirikan litar bersepadu.
* Terdiri daripada berjuta-juta cip silikon yang sangat kecil.
* Cip ini lebih murah dan multiprocessing diperkenalkan.
* Konsep multiprogramming bermaksud lebih daripada satu atucara boleh dilarikan serentak dengan berkongsi sumber yang sama.
(4) Generasi Keempat (1971)
> Lanjutan daripada generasi sebelumnya dan menggunakan mikropemproses sebagai kompanen logik.
> Mikropemproses banyak digunakan pada PC,kalkulator,mesin fotostat,televisyen,kenderaan dan lain-lain.
> Pengaturcara hanya perlu memberitahu apa tugas yang perlu dilakukan.
(5)Generasi Kelima
*Masih dalam peringkat penyelidikan di Jepun.
* Penyelidikan banyak dibuat dalam bidang kecerdasan buatan,sistem pakar dan bahasa tabii.
ASAS KOMPUTER
Asas Sistem Komputer terdiri daripada:
- Perkakasan ( Hardware )
a) Peranti Input
b) Peranti Output
c) Peranti Storan
- Unit Pemprosesan -CPU
- Perisian ( Software )
- Pengguna
KOMPONEN UTAMA PERKAKASAN KOMPUTER
INPUT
:: Peranti yang membolehkan pengguna memasukkan data ke dalam komputer.
:: Ia berperanan sebagai penyalur bagi membolehkan pengguna memberi arahan dan maklumat kepada sistem komputer.
:: Maklumat yang dimasukan ke dalam komputer untuk diproses akan melalui peranti input boleh berbentuk teks, data, grafik, imej dan bunyi.
:: Di antara contoh-contoh peranti input ialah:
(a) tetikus / mouse
(b) papan kunci / keyboard
(c) kad tebuk
(d) menyentuh skrin monitor / touch screen
(e) kayu ria / joystick
Cth:
PERANTI INPUT-(TETIKUS)
* Sesuatu peranti penuding yang disambungkan pada komputer berupa seakan-akan seekor tikus yang mempunyai ekor yang panjang.
* Tetikus ini sering digunakan dengan animasi, grafik dan program desktop publishing.
* Dengan menggunakan tetikus, kita dapat meletakkan penunding di mana-mana kawasan pada skrin.
* Terdapat 3 jenis tetikus:
a)Tetikus 1 butang
b)Tetikus 2 butang
c)Tetikus 3 butang
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
PERANTI INPUT- (KEYBOARD)
- Peranti yang berbentuk mesin taip diguna untuk memasuk data atau teks ke dalam kenyataan untuk diproses.
- Terdapat tiga jenis papan kekunci:84 kekunci
a)101 kekunci
b)102 kekunci
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
PERANTI INPUT –(SKRIN SENTUH)
- Skrin sentuh adalah sejenis monitor yang sensitif kepada sentuhan. Teknik ini membolehkan pengguna menggunakan sentuhan jari pada ikon di skrin untuk mengaktifkan sesuatu arahan.
![](https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT2UMM-Q4YS3bDNZwcwYbeUWZlstbW6PWpd0kIum7V47ZtH3jSf)
OUTPUT
:: Peranti Output ialah dimana data dapat dikeluarkan atau dibaca daripada komputer. Contohnya:
(a)Monitor
(b)Pencetak
(c)Pembesar suara
:: Maklumat-maklumat yang dibaca melalui peranti input akan diproses oleh CPU dan dihantar kepada peranti output.
:: Maklumat yang dihasilkan boleh berbentuk:
(a)Teks
(b)Data
(c)Grafik/ imej
(d)Bunyi/ suara
CTH:
PERANTI OUTPUT-(MONITOR)
* Monitor juga dikenali dengan berbagai nama seperti VDU (Video/Visual Display Unit), Console, CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube ) atau skrin.
* Fungsi monitor adalah untuk memaparkan maklumat. Apa yang ditaipkan pada papan kekunci akan dipaparkan pada skrin monitor.
* Tanpa monitor kita tidak dapat mengetahui apa yang kita taip. Komunikasi di antara kita dengan komputer akan terhalang.
PERANTI OUTPUT-(PENCETAK)
> Pencetak adalah suatu peranti yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan maklumat di kertas.
> 3 jenis pencetak:
a) Pencetak Matriks Bintik (Dot Matrix Printer)
b) Pencetak Pancutan Dakwat (Ink jet Printer)
c) Pencetak Laser (Laser Printer)
> Pencetak laser paling mahal harganya berbanding pencetak matriks bintik.
![](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS5UMxIVukKZBvHsFQXVqqFMm_3FMhTrLrkMRvCKjPbpdgrFGGJ1A)